in the 19th century america, romantici had certain general characteristics. choose such characteristics from the following items.
washington irving’s first book appeared in 1809, entitled ______.
washington irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is the sketch book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ______ and “the legend of sleepy hollow”.
irving’s taste was essentially conservative. this social conservati and literary preference for the past is revealed, to some extent, in his famous story “_____”.
the romantic period, one of the most important periods in the history of american literature, stretches from the end of the _____ century to the outbreak of the _____.
romantici started with the publication of washington irving’s ______ and ended with whitman’s leaves of grass.
james fenimore cooper’s novel ___ is the first to reveal the west and native americans’ life in a passionate way.
the spy was written by james fenimore cooper in 1821. it is a novel about ________.
________ contributed two of the great stock figures of american mythology: the daring frontieran and the bold indian.
the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of american literature, evident in _______.
in the early nineteenth century, the attitude of american writers was shaped by their new world environment and an array of ideas inherited from the romantic tradition of europe.
the early american romanticists gave emphasis to emotion and nature; some of them sang of liberty and national independence and wrote in defense of negro slaves and indians.
washington irving was the second great belletrist, writing always for pleasure, and to produce pleasure.
romantic values were prominent in american politics, art and philosophy until the independent war.
the foundation of american national literature was laid by the early american romanticists.
cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: the sea adventure tale, and the gothic stories.
with a vast group of supporting characters, virtuous or villainous, cooper made the american conscious of his past, and made the european conscious of america.
cooper’s claim to greatness in american literature lies in the fact that he created a myth about the formative period of the american nation.
leatherstocking tales is a novel best-known for the frontier period.
james fenimore cooper is a famous novelist of american reali.
in hawthorne’s the scarlet letter, “a” may stand for ___.
___ literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one, which has much to do with the “black” vision of life and human beings.
which of the works concerns most concentratedly the calvinistic view of original sin?
which of the following is not a work of nathaniel hawthorne’s?
in hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as ___.
the finest example of hawthorne’s symboli is the recreation of puritan boston in ___.
statement “___” is wrong in describing hawthorne.
by brown in young goodman brown, hawthorne means he is a(n) ___.
which of the following is not a typical feature of hawthorne’s young goodman brown?
poe was a great genius, and he was well recognized in his own day.
poe felt that poetry should teach.
poe preferred to write about normal love.
poe turned out the earliest american detective fiction and science fiction.
poe is generally regarded as a pioneering aesthetician, psychological investigator, literary technician and his influence on american literary circles can never be overrated.
nathaniel hawthorne welcomed the transcendentalists’ transparent optimi about the potentialities of human nature.
hawthorne believed that romance was the predestined form of american narrative. he took a great interest in his contemporary society.
hawthorne had a positive attitude toward science.
allegory is used to hold fast against the crushing blows of reality, and symboli serves as a weapon to attack and penetrate it.
in almost every book he wrote, hawthorne discussed sin and evil.
choose one question from 1 - 3 and one from 4 - 6 and give brief answers in english: washington irving what is the historical and socio-cultural background of the romantic period in america? what are the literary characteristics in the works of american romantic period? what is the theme of rip van winkle? list the major works of washington irving and discuss the artistic characteristics of his works. james fenimore cooper what are the artistic achievements of james fenimore cooper? what are cooper’s major works and what is “frontier novel”? what are the characteristics of cooper’s writing techniques?
choose two of the following questions and give brief answers in english. nathaniel hawthorne 1. give some different explanations of the symbolic meaning of “a” in the scarlet letter by hawthorne. 2. discuss the allegory and symboli in young goodman brown. 3. analyze the effects of puritani on nathaniel hawthorne. 4. what’s nathaniel hawthorne’s “black” vision of life and human beings? 5. what are the artistic achievements of edgar allan poe?
which essay of emerson is regarded as an unofficial manifesto for the “transcendental club”?
emerson based his religion on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called _____.
the following are correct for transcendentali except _____.
“the universe is composed of nature and the soul… spirit is present everywhere”. this is the voice of the book nature written by emerson, which pushed american romantici into a new phase, the phase of new england _____.
which is generally regarded as the bible of new england transcendentali?
which is regarded as the “declaration of intellectual independence”?
which of the following is not thoreau’s works?
thoreau took an unpopular stand by announcing his support for radical abolitionist leader john brown, and his firm stance on the execution of john brown was most explicit in his ____.
thoreau lived alone in walden pond from july 1845 to september 1847, depending on his own mental and physical resources. according to that experience, he wrote ____.
during a journey thoreau made to concord in july of 1846, thoreau was put in the jail for one night for refusing to pay a poll-tax of $2.00 to the government. this experience inspired him to write his famous essay ____, advocating nonviolent struggle against social injustice.
american romantici entered a new phase around the middle 1830s and culminated around the 1840s in what has come to be known as “new england transcendentali” or “american renaissance” (1836-1855).
like romantici, transcendentali rejected both 18th century rationali and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the puritan tradition in particular.
the transcendentalists celebrated the power of the human imagination to commune with the universe and transcend the limitations of the material world. they found their chief source of inspiration in nature.
with the publication of nature and of emerson’s “the american scholar” in 1837, american literature began to enter its formative period of an indigenous national literature, with liberal and nationalistic, among others, as its most distinct features.
emerson’s reputation fell in the 21st century mainly because he possesses a cheerful optimi.
the term “transcendental” was derived from the latin verb “transcendere”, which means to raise up, to pass beyond the limits.
transcendentali is also indebted to ancient indian and chinese works, such as confucius and mencius.
transcendentali is always been accused of being over-pessimistic, near to mystici, without support in reality.
emerson’s aesthetics brought about a revolution in american literature in general and in american poetry in particular. it marked birth of true american poetry and true american poets.
emerson possesses a cheerful optimi. he believes that there is force that can make the bad good and the good better. angels must always be stronger than demons.
which of the following had influence on melville’s writing?
____ is not melville’s work.
____ is the narrator in moby-dick.
____ is regarded as the first american prose epic.
____, the tragic hero of moby-dick, burning with a baleful fire, becomes evil himself in his thirst to destroy evil.
melville’s ____ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
the white whale moby dick is a symbol of ____.
in following poets, who is considered as the most popular poet in the 19th century america?
longfellow’s epic _____ is based on the american indian tales.
in _____, longfellow shows a passionate recalling of his youth.
though walt whitman and herman melville were romantic writers in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways.
romantic values were prominent in american politics, art, and philosophy until the first world war.
moby-dick is melville’s semi-autobiographical novel.
melville obviously holds a positive and optimistic view toward life and human nature.
the romantic writers would focus on inidual feelings and strong imagination.
longfellow gets a great praise from the critics of the 20th century.
longfellow’s poems have influenced america’s artistic and popular culture greatly and strongly.
longfellow was once teaching in bowdoin college and harvard.
longfellow’s inner feelings is always as optimistic as his poems.
today many lines of longfellow’s poems are often quoted by speakers who know longfellow penned the words.
in _____, whitman’s own early experience might be identified with the childhood of a young growing america.
walt whitman wrote his poetry in an unconventional way which is now called free verse, that is _____.
whitman published his first edition of ______ in 1855.
“i hear america singing” was written by ____.
whitman is radically innovative in term of form of his poetry. what he prefers for his new subjects and new feelings is _____.
by means of “free verse,” _____ believes that he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.
which one is not written by walt whitman?
emily dickinson was considered as one of two giants of american poetry in _____ century.
what does “setting sun” symbolize in the poem of “because i could not stop for death”?
which of the following is not the recurring theme in dickinson’s poetry?
walt whitman used paralleli and refrain in his poems.
in “o captain! my captain!”, walt whitman used symbols.
whitman brought the hard-working farmers and laborers into american literature. he attacked the slavery system and racial discrimination.
whitman’s poetry is filled with pessimistic views about new things and new epoch.
whitman’s writings were also influenced by his experiences in the american civil war.
most of emily dickinson’s poems were published when she was alive.
emily dickinson’s poetry is well-known for her thought-provoking themes and innovative use of form and syntax.
emily dickinson’s nature poems are rich in subject matter.
emily dickinson made no final acceptance or rejection on the question of religious belief throughout her life.
emily dickinson began her period of reclusion in the early 1860s.
with james howells and mark twain active on the scene, ______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
the portrait of a lady is generally considered to be the masterpiece of _____, which describes the life journey of an american _____ in europe.
_____ is the forerunner of the “stream of consciousness”.
which of the following is written by henry james?
_____ in the 1860s was the first american writer of local color to achieve wide popularity.
mark twain created, in _____, a masterpiece of american reali that is also one of the great books of world literature.
_____ is regarded by h. l. menken as “the true father of american national literature.”
_____, being a boy’s book specially written for the s, is mark twain’s most representative book.
_____ earned his very first national literary reputation with “the celebrated jumping frog of calaveras county”.
with the end of civil war, ____ replaced romantici to be the leading trend of american literature in the 19th century.
according to henry james, the aim of the novel is to reflect the reality.
henry james was not only a realist before the first world war, but also a stylist of his time.
henry james’ influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed.
shortly before his death in 1945，henry james joined the communist party.
henry james was strongly influenced by social darwini.
the american realists sought to describe the wide range of american experience and to present the subtleties of human personality.
mark twain had, as his aim of writing, the soul, the life, and the speech of the people in mind.
mark twain’s later works unmistakably showed his change from an optimist and humorist to an almost despairing determinist.
the bulk of america’s literary reali was limited to optimistic treatment of the surface of life.
mark twain’s last writings revealed the deep grief his personal losses had caused him and reflected the deep cynici and disillusionment with his world.
choose one question from 1-3 and one from 4-6 and give brief answers in english: henry james what is the most famous theme in henry james’s fiction? henry james’s “the art of fiction” is an indispensable part of his contribution to literature. please summarize his view in literary critici? what is the difference between reali and psychological reali? mark twain in the the adventures of huckleberry finn, huck finn is a thirteen-year-old boy. why does mark twain use a child as the center of consciousness in this book? what are the contributions mark twain made to american literature? what is colloquiali and how is it shown in mark twain’s works?
in 19th century america, romantici had certain general characteristics. choose such characteristics from the following items.
within dickinson’s little lyrics, she addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which exclude ________.
washington irving’s works are numerous, but his most successful work is the sketch book, of which the most famous and anthologized are ______ and “the legend of sleepy hollow”.
as a philosophical and literary movement, ______ flourished in new england from the 1830s to the civil war.
the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of american literature, evident in _______.
statement “___” is wrong in describing hawthorne.
which essay of emerson is regarded as an unofficial manifesto for the “transcendental club”?
melville’s ____ is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc. in addition to a detailed account of the operations of the whaling industry.
by means of “free verse,” _______ believes that he has turned the poem into an open field, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.
what does “setting sun” symbolize in the poem of “because i could not stop for death”?
the realistic period is referred to as “the gilded age” by ______.
with howells, james, and mark twain active on the scene, ______ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
_______, being a boy’s book specially written for the s, is mark twain’s most representative book.
________ is a humorous tale of a lazy villager in the mountains of upstate new york.
which of the following is not a work of emily dickinson’s?
the great transcendental work written by henry david thoreau is______.
james fenimore cooper is a famous novelist of american reali.
poe preferred to write about normal love.
in almost every book he wrote, hawthorne discussed sin and evil.
like romantici, transcendentali rejected both 18th century rationali and established religion, which for the transcendentalists meant the puritan tradition in particular.
moby-dick is melville’s semi-autobiographical novel.
the romantic writers would focus on inidual feelings and strong imagination.
whitman’ s poetry is filled with pessimistic views about new things and new epoch.
henry james’ influence was exerted not on his own age but on the one that followed.
o. henry’s “the gift of the magi” is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a christmas present for each other.
mark twain is usually called: " the true father of our national literature" by some american critics.
the ______ period of american literature started with the publication of washington irving’s the sketch book, reached its height with melville’s works, and ended with whitman’s leaves of grass.
_____tells a simple but very moving story in which four people living in a puritan community are involved in and affected by the sin of ery in different ways.
after death, _____ became the only american poet who was honored with a bust in the poet’s corner.
in his cluster of poems called ______ walt whitman gave america its first genuine epic poem.
the american transcendentalists highlighted spirits, or the _____, as the most important thing in the universe, which was an all-pervading power for goodness, omnipresent and omnipotent.
as one of america’s first and foremost realists and humorists, _______, the pen name of samuel langhorne clemens, usually wrote about his own personal experiences and things he knew about from firsthand experiences.
thoreau was often alone in the woods or by the pond, lost in spiritual communication with ______.
______ was the first american to achieve an international literary reputation after the revolutionary war.
the period from 1865—1914 has been referred to as the age of _______in the literary history of the united states.
in walt whitman’s “there was a child went forth”, the child refers to ___________.
it is very difficult, or even impossible, for a man to give a right answer when a woman asks him how she looks, because men cannot have an honest yet sensitive response to the question.
according to the text, men and women evaluate their appearance differently in a way that men are satisfied with being average-looking, paying little attention to their looks, while women pay great attention to their body and image, considering their appearance as not good enough even if they are in fact attractive.
women are not confident with their appearance because they are put in an inferior social status.
girls’ toys are proportioned to have extreme measures of the body (e.g. in terms of height, weight, and waist size), whereas most of boys’ toys look weird rather than handsome.
the author points out that women care much about their appearance due to pressure from men.
she decided to buy that car because it used less gasoline and had the two ________ she couldn't live without: a gps and a cd player.
the two teams each have their strengths and their weaknesses, and thus they can ________ each other when working on the project together.
mrs. mcbride, my neighbor, was a fanatic (狂热的) gardener, planting lots of flowers and vegetables on the ________ at the back of her house.
at the end of his term in office, the governor was criticized for failure to _________ his campaign promise.
no amount of money with her life will ________ her desire for comfort.
her good looks, _____________ her elegance, is devoted to her popularity among the boys.
________ your heart ______ love and you will have a broad mind.
vocabulary words are the building blocks of your language ability, but don't be with just memorizing vocabulary. it's more useful to know how to use 50 words than to memorize 100. (obsess)
girls grow up playing with dolls so that if they were human they would be seven feet tall and weigh 61 pounds, with tiny thigh and a large upper body. (proportion)
it is important for every man to understand how to treat women with respect and ___________. (admire)
the school choir does not have enough time to prepare for public performances. (rehearse)
the cheese cake jenny made for the dinner was so delicious that it was simply . (resist)
the dominant american society appreciates and respects chinese people for being modest and discreet.
the right way for the chinese to respond at the dinner table in america is to say directly whether they want to have anything or not.
the generalization of chinese people as “polite and modest” in american society is based upon in-depth study of chinese culture.
the author agrees with the description of chinese language and culture as being indirect and polite.
to support her opinion that to understand the difference between languages and behavior just through literal translation may lead to wrong generalizations, the author mentions how an outside observer might view chinese people by just listening to her mother speak.
while beef is commonly eaten by the muslim population, it is a ______ for traditional hindus.
trembling hands and legs may _______ feelings of fear or nervousness.
many parents are caught ________ because they have to protect their kids, and at the same time, promote the kids' independence.
the dominant society see chinese people from a limited perspective, ____________ the stereotype.
after the guests left, the temperature in the room suddenly became icy, and the candles flickered as ________ a gust of air had passed over them.
both nations have ____________ the ceasefire agreement on numerous occasions.
the psychiatrist is neither for nor against one party in the legal , and everything he discovers or determines is reported in court, whether it favors the defense or prosecution arguments. (proceed)
tony is a sort of ____________ member of my family, since he comes to play with me every day. (honor)
the economic boom of south africa in the early 1960s attracted considerable numbers of from europe. (emigrate)
the discussion is to focus on eliminating all forms of religious and discrimination while guaranteeing the freedom of belief for religious minorities. (tolerance)
the union insists that scientists have freedom to speak their minds to the public without _____________. (censor)
my computer broke down after i downloaded a software program by accident. (malice)
in the sample ysis to this article, we only used five parameters for each element. (attach)
the author seems to be more familiar with the life of the countrymen than that of elites.
the author was ready to live a life of those men he knew in the commonwealth of virginia.
the author agreed with the women in his university who claimed that men were guilty of having kept all the joys and privileges of the earth for themselves.
the author had envied women, as their life had been easy and comfortable to his young mind.
now as a student of a historic university, the author comes to realize that in the poor areas lower class people, regardless of their gender, had to work hard to make a living.
living off the ________ might sound fashionable, but in fact it requires great ability of managing one's life under unpredictable conditions.
it is a school where youngsters ________ everything --- from whether sipping soda should be allowed in classrooms to which staff should be promoted at the end of the year.
kate's $370-per-week unemployment payments started coming in, and we saw that we could just ________ on them if we squeezed out every penny.
when he used the internet for the first time, he felt he entered a completely ________ and exciting world he'd never visited before by just clicking the mouse.
he could ______ forget about the experience _____ he could forget his own name.
juice can be __________ from many fruits such as oranges and grapes.
he was accused of attempted murder after he ________ used a kitchen knife to attack officials who stormed his house to arrest him.
the fort was built on a steep hill, ______ it was easy to watch the water for invaders.
tear ducts (泪腺) operate on a normal basis to and protect the eye. when you have an emotion, they overact and create tears. (lubrication)
in addition to generating income, women also take responsibilities for household activities such as childcare, cleaning and preparing food, which are not as lightweight and easy as generally . (think)
you cannot imagine how fantastic the sky was with the stars __________ in the black velvet of the night. (twinkle)
research conducted by the world bank shows the more gender relationships are in a country, the higher its hiv prevalence rate is. (equal)
all neighboring countries want the agreement to have the legal force of a treaty between two states. (sovereignty)
reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. sometimes this informally called a "top-down" approach. (deduce)
ms. schmitz was almost all her life; she only learned to read and write in her 80s. (literate)