every utterance performs a speech act and can be seen as performing at the same time three component acts: _______________, __________________ and _____________.
austin’s classification of speech act was criticized as ethnocentric.
the speaker is chiefly responsible for the “fitting” relation between “the words” and “the world” invoked by directives.
all speech acts comply with the five types of felicity conditions.
understanding indirect speech acts require more or less inference.
pragmatics is more powerful than semantics and syntax in that it can solve problems that the other two discipline can not.
pragmatics is concerned only with the language use, but not the language system.
context is a core concept in pragmatics.
pragmatics is subjective and therefore unscientific because it considers too much of the human factor.
pragmatics is by and large complementary to semantics.
“the couple live in a house on the corner of wisteria lane.” is a constative.
“i object, your honor.” is a constative.
“jackson’s future is full of hope.” is a constative.
“i name this ship victoria.” is a constative.
“michael is growing a beard.” is a constative.
john searle classified speech acts into these five categories: representative; commissives, ____________, declarations and expressives.
felicity conditions include general conditions, propositional content condition, preparatory conditions, ____________, and essential condition.
“can you open the door?” is a conventional ____________ speech act.
natural meaning includes the linguistic meaning of a sentence.
all words can be used to convey conventional implicatures.
by the feature of indeterminacy, we mean that conversational implicatures are hard to get at in a specific context.
the linguistic meaning of a sentence plays no role in conveying some conversational implicatures.
generalized conversational implicatures are not cancelable.
logical thinking is not found in conversation.
people always talk rationally in conversation.
the cooperative principle imposes restrictions on the way we talk.
all violations of the cooperative principle will result in the generation of some conversational implicature.
whenever we fail to fulfil a conversational maxim, we fail to observe the cooperative principle.
the principle of least effort originates with lawrence horn.
horn’s q-principle is hearer-based.
horn’s reformulation of grice’s cp fails to consider the maxim of manner.
sentences in our daily conversation can be used to convey some special meaning that is not natural, and constitutes what we term “___________”.
a conversational implicature can be either generalized or _____________.
features of conversational implicatures include cancellability, non-detachability, non-conventionality, indeterminacy and ______________.
the maxims of the cooperative principle include _____________, the maxim of quantity, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner.
in daily conversation, when speakers exploit a maxim, the hearers may generate the_______________.
horn reformulated grice’s cp into two principles: ____________ and the r-principle.
levinson reformulated grice’s cp into three principles: the q-principle, the i-principle, and _____________.
the three processes that produce i-implicatures are _______________, mirror maxim and bridging.
the opportunity to have the floor at some time during a conversation is called a _________.
trp is short for ____________ _____________ ______________
the floor is the ________ to ___________.
technically, the sequences resulting from the preliminary exchange are called _________.
conversational ____________are concerned with errors or slips of the tongue in conversation.
a ____________second part is usually structurally complex.
people are bound by the rules of turn-taking in conversation.
for every first part of an adjacency pair, there is a fixed second part.
some second parts are considered preferred because they are positive responses.
people are bound by the rules of turn-taking in conversation.
for every first part of an adjacency pair, there is a fixed second part.
some second parts are considered preferred because they are positive responses.
context is separable from language use.
you can never tell what sex they are nowadays. “you” here is deictic.
in normal cases, the hearer is assumed to be the center of a speech event.
all pronouns can be used both deictically and anaphorically.
social deixis is not as common in english as in japanese and chinese
semantic entailment is explicitly communicated whereas semantic presupposition is implicitly conveyed.
an utterance is felicitous if the pragmatic presupposition contained in it is true.
in communication, we always make sure that the presupposed information is shared by our interlocutors.
restrictive clauses can trigger presupposition.
deixis concerns the relationship between the language structure and the ________in which it is used.
terms like “today, tomorrow, yesterday” are said to to be ___________in the sense that they take priority over “monday, tuesday, wednesday”.
social deixis are deictic terms indicating __________ __________ of the participants and their relations in the discourse.
a presupposition can survive a negation test means that a presupposition generated by the use of a lexical item or syntactic structure remains ______________when negated.
presupposition-carrying expressions and constructions carrying implicit meaning are called _______________.
“my boyfriend is a rich man” presupposes ________________.
politeness can be understood as a real-world goal, , , and .
leech’s politeness principle has the following maxims: tact maxim, generosity maxim, , agreement maxim, , and .
face has two aspects: , and .
negative face has to do with one’s want to protect oneself when doing something wrong.
all human beings, once born, have the sense of face.
face can be threatened but not saved.
different illocutionary acts may differ in their weightiness of face threat.
there are numerous ways of doing ftas in english.
which factor was not mentioned by brown & levinson (1987) in influencing the speaker in his/her strategy choice in performing a face-threatening act?
politeness is nothing but a pragmatic phenomenon.
the politeness principle is a substitute for the cooperative principle.
agreement maxim applies to directives and commissives.
the six maxims and their sub-maxims of leech’s politeness principle are equally important.
there are fundamental differences between the west and the east on the issue of politeness.
“do me a favor, will you?” embodies positive politeness.
“shall we dance?” embodies negative politeness.
according to ce and swain, pragmatic ability is a component of discourse competence.
l2 pragmatic competence develops alongside with l2 linguistic competence.
pragmatic failure are particular to non-native speakers.
pragmatic competence is not teachable.
all pragmatic transfers result in pragmatic failures.
“we filipinas are known for our lively sense of humor” belongs to _________.
your native language actually determines the way you think and interpret the world---this is known as _________.
translation is both a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural activity
perlocutionary equivalence is a different term for dynamic equivalence
politeness can not be achieved in translation.
ce and swain (1980) propose a model of communicative competence, which consists of three components: , , and .
lyle bachman (1990) proposes a model of language competence, in which pragmatic competence includes , and .
“any attitude, emotion or behavior towards members of a group, which directly or indirectly implies some negativity or antipathy towards that group” is _________.
your native language, to a greater or lesser degree, influences the way you think and interpret the world---this is known as _________.
1. the underlined part in “actually, he’s your new boss.” means ___________.
the underlined part in “anyway, he’s your new boss.” means ___________.
the underlined part in “after all, he’s your new boss.” means ___________.
the underlined part in “still, he’s your new boss.” means ___________.
the underlined part in “well, he’s your new boss.” means ___________.
the concepts of competence and performance were proposed by ___________.
_________ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.
when any of the maxims under the cooperative principle is flouted, _______ might arise.
__________ is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance.
the development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of ____ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences.
________ is believed to be a major source of incorrect forms resistant to further instruction.
in “do me a favor, will you?”, what type of politeness is expressed?
“can i borrow your bike?” ___ "you have a bike."
the illocutionary point of ______ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.
pragmatics is subjective and therefore unscientific because it considers too much of the human factors
every locutionary act corresponds to an illocutionary act
understanding indirect speech acts requires more or less inference
generalized conversational implicatures are not cancellable
logical thinking can be found in conversation
social deixis is not as common in english as in japanese and chinese
conversational repairs occur when speakers make mistakes
politeness is nothing but a pragmatic phenomenon
translation is both a cross-linguistic and cross-cultural activity
pragmatic failure is particular to non-native speakers
pragmatics seeks to complement syntax and semantics by examining language in relation to its_______and users.
the effect/occurrence of an illocutionary act is termed as___________ act.
_________ condition relates to speaker’s state of mind.
the features of conversational implicatures are cancellabilty, non-detachability, non-conventionality, indeterminacy, ____________.
claiming common ground between s and h is a ___________politeness strategy.
the weightiness of the fta involves three factors: social distance, ______________________, and absolute ranking of the imposition in a given culture.
pragmatic equivalence can be ided into ____________ equivalence, implicature- oriented equivalence, politeness-oriented equivalence and poetic-effects-oriented equivalence.
trp is short for ____________.
an integrated construct of pragmatic competence has four dimensions pragmalinguistic competence, _______________________competence, pragmacognitive competence, and discoursal competence.
leech’s politeness principle has six maxims: tact maxim, generosity approbation maxim, modesty maxim, agreement maxim, and _______________ maxim.
“pragmatics” is a by-now-familiar term originating with ______________.
charles morris referred to ______________ as one of the three branches of seminotics, the other two being syntactics and semantics.
speech act theory originated with ______________.
according to j. l. austin, there seems to be no clear-cut boundary between ______________ and acting.
face consists of two related aspects: ______________ and positive face.
agreement maxim includes a. minimize disagreement between self and other, and b. ______________.
tact maxim includes a. minimize cost to other and b. ______________.
modesty maxim includes a. minimize praise of self and b. ______________.
according to paul grice (1975: 57-58), meaning can be natural or ______________.
conversational implicatures can be further categorized into two sub-types: generalized conversational implicatures and ______________.
linguistic or semantic meaning of sentences is generally static, stable, objective, and basically ______________.
a conversational implicature is capable of being ______________, either by an explicit declaration that the speaker is intending to mean otherwise, implicitly, by the co-text and context.
a conversational implicature is not______________, because saying the same thing in another way usually carries the same implicature.
a conversational implicature is carried not by what is said but by the saying of it; that is, by the entire speech act rather than by the ______________ content of the uttered sentence.
a conversational implicature is ______________ to varying degrees.
the interpretation of the meaning of the expression depends crucially on our ______________ of that menaing, context, the assumption of cooperation, etc.
______________, also called “textual deixis”, concerns the use of some expressions that encode reference to a certain portion of the unfolding discourse containing the current utterance.
gsp stands for______________.
______________ in a pragmatic sense is a matter of conveying meanings in accordance with the gsp.
politeness can be measured in terms of two scales: ______________ and relative politeness scale.